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                    通过内存缓存来提升性能
            
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                    切片的复制与追加
            
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                    Map
            
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                    测试键值对是否存在及删除元素
            
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                    for-range 的配套用法
            
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                    将 map 的键值对调
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.3.html">
    
                    
                    锁和 sync 包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.4.html">
  
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                    精密计算和 big 包
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.5.html">
  
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                    自定义包和可见性
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.6.html">
  
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                    为自定义包使用 godoc
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.7.html">
  
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                    使用 go install 安装自定义包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.8.html">
  
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                    自定义包的目录结构、go install 和 go test
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.9.html">
  
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                    通过 Git 打包和安装
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.10.html">
  
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                    Go 的外部包和项目
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.11" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.11.html">
  
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                    在 Go 程序中使用外部库
            
    </a>
    

    
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    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.0.html">
  
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                    结构（struct）与方法（method）
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.1.html">
  
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                    结构体定义
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.2.html">
  
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                    使用工厂方法创建结构体实例
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.3.html">
  
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                    使用自定义包中的结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.4.html">
  
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                    带标签的结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.5.html">
  
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                    匿名字段和内嵌结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.6.html">
  
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                    方法
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.7.html">
  
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                    类型的 String() 方法和格式化描述符
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.8.html">
  
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                    垃圾回收和 SetFinalizer
            
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</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.0.html">
  
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                    接口（interface）与反射（reflection）
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.1.html">
  
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                    接口是什么
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.2.html">
  
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                    接口嵌套接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.3.html">
  
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                    类型断言：如何检测和转换接口变量的类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.4.html">
  
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                    类型判断：type-switch
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.5.html">
  
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                    测试一个值是否实现了某个接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.6.html">
  
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                    使用方法集与接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.7.html">
    
                    
                    第一个例子：使用 Sorter 接口排序
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.8.html">
  
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                    第二个例子：读和写
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.9.html">
  
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                    空接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.10.html">
  
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                    反射包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.11.html">
  
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                    Printf 和反射
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.12.html">
  
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                    接口与动态类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.13.html">
  
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                    总结：Go 中的面向对象
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.14.html">
  
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                    结构体、集合和高阶函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4" >
  
      <span>
            
                    
                    第三部分：Go 高级编程
            
    </span>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.0.html">
  
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                    读写数据
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.1.html">
  
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                    读取用户的输入
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.2.html">
  
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                    文件读写
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.3.html">
  
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                    文件拷贝
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.4.html">
  
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                    从命令行读取参数
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.5.html">
  
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                    用 buffer 读取文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.6.html">
  
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                    用切片读写文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.7.html">
  
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                    用 defer 关闭文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.8.html">
  
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                    使用接口的实际例子：fmt.Fprintf
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.9.html">
  
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                    格式化 JSON 数据
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.10.html">
  
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                    XML 数据格式
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.11" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.11.html">
  
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                    用 Gob 传输数据
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.12" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.12.html">
  
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                    Go 中的密码学
            
    </a>
    

    
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    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.0.html">
  
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                    错误处理与测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.1.html">
  
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                    错误处理
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.2.html">
  
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                    运行时异常和 panic
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.3.html">
  
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                    从 panic 中恢复（Recover）
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.4.html">
  
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                    自定义包中的错误处理和 panicking
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.5.html">
  
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                    一种用闭包处理错误的模式
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.6.html">
  
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                    启动外部命令和程序
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.7.html">
  
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                    Go 中的单元测试和基准测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.8.html">
  
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                    测试的具体例子
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.9.html">
  
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                    用（测试数据）表驱动测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.10.html">
  
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                    性能调试：分析并优化 Go 程序
            
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</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../../gopl/">
  
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                    Go语言圣经
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../../gopl/preface.html">
  
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                    前言
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-01.html">
  
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                    Go语言起源
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-02.html">
  
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                    Go语言项目
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-03.html">
  
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                    本书的组织
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-04.html">
  
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                    更多的信息
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-05.html">
  
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                    致谢
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1.html">
  
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                    入门
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-01.html">
  
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                    Hello, World
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-02.html">
  
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                    命令行参数
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-03.html">
  
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                    查找重复的行
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-04.html">
  
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                    GIF动画
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-05.html">
  
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                    获取URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-06.html">
  
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                    并发获取多个URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-07.html">
  
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                    Web服务
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-08.html">
  
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                    本章要点
            
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    </ul>
    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2.html">
  
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                    程序结构
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-01.html">
  
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                    命名
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-02.html">
  
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                    声明
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-03.html">
  
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                    变量
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-04.html">
  
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                    赋值
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-05.html">
  
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                    类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-06.html">
  
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                    包和文件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-07.html">
    
                    
                    作用域
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3.html">
    
                    
                    基础数据类型
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-01.html">
    
                    
                    整型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-02.html">
    
                    
                    浮点数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-03.html">
    
                    
                    复数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-04.html">
    
                    
                    布尔型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-05.html">
    
                    
                    字符串
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-06.html">
    
                    
                    常量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4.html">
    
                    
                    复合数据类型
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-01.html">
    
                    
                    数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-02.html">
    
                    
                    Slice
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-03.html">
    
                    
                    Map
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-04.html">
    
                    
                    结构体
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-05.html">
    
                    
                    JSON
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-06.html">
    
                    
                    文本和HTML模板
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5.html">
    
                    
                    函数
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-01.html">
    
                    
                    函数声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-02.html">
    
                    
                    递归
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-03.html">
    
                    
                    多返回值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-04.html">
    
                    
                    错误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-05.html">
    
                    
                    函数值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-06.html">
    
                    
                    匿名函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-07.html">
    
                    
                    可变参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-08.html">
    
                    
                    Deferred函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-09.html">
    
                    
                    Panic异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-10.html">
    
                    
                    Recover捕获异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6.html">
    
                    
                    方法
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-01.html">
    
                    
                    方法声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-02.html">
    
                    
                    基于指针对象的方法
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-03.html">
    
                    
                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-04.html">
    
                    
                    方法值和方法表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-05.html">
    
                    
                    示例: Bit数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-06.html">
    
                    
                    封装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7.html">
    
                    
                    接口
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-01.html">
    
                    
                    接口是合约
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-02.html">
    
                    
                    接口类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-03.html">
    
                    
                    实现接口的条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-04.html">
    
                    
                    flag.Value接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-05.html">
    
                    
                    接口值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-06.html">
    
                    
                    sort.Interface接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-07.html">
    
                    
                    http.Handler接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-08.html">
    
                    
                    error接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-09.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 表达式求值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-10.html">
    
                    
                    类型断言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.11" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-11.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-11.html">
    
                    
                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.12" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-12.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-12.html">
    
                    
                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.13" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-13.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-13.html">
    
                    
                    类型分支
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.14" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-14.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-14.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.15" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-15.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-15.html">
    
                    
                    补充几点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-01.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-02.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-04.html">
    
                    
                    Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-05.html">
    
                    
                    并发的循环
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-07.html">
    
                    
                    基于select的多路复用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-08.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-09.html">
    
                    
                    并发的退出
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-10.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 聊天服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9.html">
    
                    
                    基于共享变量的并发
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-01.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-02.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-03.html">
    
                    
                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-04.html">
    
                    
                    内存同步
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-05.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-06.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件检测
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-07.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-08.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和线程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10.html">
    
                    
                    包和工具
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-01.html">
    
                    
                    包简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-02.html">
    
                    
                    导入路径
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-03.html">
    
                    
                    包声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-04.html">
    
                    
                    导入声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-05.html">
    
                    
                    包的匿名导入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-06.html">
    
                    
                    包和命名
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-07.html">
    
                    
                    工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11.html">
    
                    
                    测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-01.html">
    
                    
                    go test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-02.html">
    
                    
                    测试函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-03.html">
    
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-04.html">
    
                    
                    基准测试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-05.html">
    
                    
                    剖析
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12.html">
    
                    
                    反射
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-01.html">
    
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-02.html">
    
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-03.html">
    
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-04.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-05.html">
    
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-07.html">
    
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-08.html">
    
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-09.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13.html">
    
                    
                    底层编程
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-01.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-02.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-04.html">
    
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-05.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.1" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
    
                    
                    附录A：原文勘误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.2" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
    
                    
                    附录B：作者译者
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.3" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
    
                    
                    附录C：译文授权
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.4" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
    
                    
                    附录D：其它语言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
    
                    
                    Go Web 编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go环境配置
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
    
                    
                    Go安装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
    
                    
                    GOPATH 与工作空间
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go 命令
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go开发工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
    
                    
                    你好，Go
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
    
                    
                    流程和函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
    
                    
                    struct
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
    
                    
                    面向对象
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
    
                    
                    interface
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
    
                    
                    并发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
    
                    
                    web工作方式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go搭建一个简单的web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使得web工作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go的http包详解
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
    
                    
                    表单
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
    
                    
                    处理表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
    
                    
                    验证表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
    
                    
                    预防跨站脚本
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
    
                    
                    防止多次递交表单
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
    
                    
                    处理文件上传
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
    
                    
                    访问数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
    
                    
                    database/sql接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用MySQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
    
                    
                    使用SQLite数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
    
                    
                    使用PostgreSQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
    
                    
                    使用beedb库进行ORM开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
    
                    
                    NOSQL数据库操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
    
                    
                    session和数据存储
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
    
                    
                    session和cookie
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使用session
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
    
                    
                    session存储
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
    
                    
                    预防session劫持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
    
                    
                    文本文件处理
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
    
                    
                    XML处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
    
                    
                    JSON处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
    
                    
                    正则处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
    
                    
                    模板处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
    
                    
                    文件操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
    
                    
                    字符串处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
    
                    
                    Socket编程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
    
                    
                    WebSocket
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
    
                    
                    REST
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
    
                    
                    RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
    
                    
                    安全与加密
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
    
                    
                    预防CSRF攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
    
                    
                    确保输入过滤
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
    
                    
                    避免XSS攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
    
                    
                    避免SQL注入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
    
                    
                    存储密码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
    
                    
                    加密和解密数据
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
    
                    
                    国际化和本地化
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
    
                    
                    设置默认地区
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
    
                    
                    本地化资源
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
    
                    
                    国际化站点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理，调试和测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用GDB调试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go怎么写测试用例
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
    
                    
                    部署与维护
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
    
                    
                    应用日志
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
    
                    
                    网站错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
    
                    
                    应用部署
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
    
                    
                    备份和恢复
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
    
                    
                    如何设计一个Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
    
                    
                    项目规划
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
    
                    
                    自定义路由器设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
    
                    
                    controller设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
    
                    
                    日志和配置设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
    
                    
                    实现博客的增删改
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
    
                    
                    扩展Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
    
                    
                    静态文件支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
    
                    
                    Session支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
    
                    
                    表单支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
    
                    
                    用户认证
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
    
                    
                    多语言支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
    
                    
                    pprof支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.15" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
    
                    
                    参考资料
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../">
  
  <a href="../">
    
                    
                    Go语言高级编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="readme.html">
  
  <a href="readme.html">
    
                    
                    第1章 语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="ch1-01-genesis.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-01-genesis.html">
    
                    
                    1.1 Go语言创世纪
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
    
                    
                    1.2 Hello, World 的革命
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
    
                    
                    1.3 数组、字符串和切片
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.4" data-path="ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
    
                    
                    1.4 函数、方法和接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.5" data-path="ch1-05-mem.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-05-mem.html">
    
                    
                    1.5 面向并发的内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.6" data-path="ch1-06-goroutine.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-06-goroutine.html">
    
                    
                    1.6 常见的并发模式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.7" data-path="ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
    
                    
                    1.7 错误和异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.8" data-path="ch1-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    1.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../ch2-cgo/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第2章 CGO编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
    
                    
                    2.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
    
                    
                    2.2 CGO基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.3" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
    
                    
                    2.3 类型转换
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.4" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    2.4 函数调用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.5" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
    
                    
                    2.5 内部机制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.6" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
    
                    
                    2.6 实战: 封装qsort
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.7" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
    
                    
                    2.7 CGO内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.8" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
    
                    
                    2.8 C++类包装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.9" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
    
                    
                    2.9 静态库和动态库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.10" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
    
                    
                    2.10 编译和链接参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.11" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
    
                    
                    2.11 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../ch3-asm/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第3章 汇编语言
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
    
                    
                    3.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
    
                    
                    3.2 计算机结构
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.3" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
    
                    
                    3.3 常量和全局变量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.4" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    3.4 函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.5" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
    
                    
                    3.5 控制流
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.6" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
    
                    
                    3.6 再论函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.7" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
    
                    
                    3.7 汇编语言的威力
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.8" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
    
                    
                    3.8 例子：Goroutine ID
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.9" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
    
                    
                    3.9 Delve调试器
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.10" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    3.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../ch4-rpc/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第4章 RPC和Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.1 RPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.2 Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.3" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.3 玩转RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.4" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-04-grpc.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-04-grpc.html">
    
                    
                    4.4 GRPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.5" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.5 GRPC进阶
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.6" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.6 GRPC和Protobuf扩展
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.7" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-07-pbgo.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-07-pbgo.html">
    
                    
                    4.7 pbgo: 基于Protobuf的框架
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.8" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
    
                    
                    4.8 grpcurl工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.9" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-09-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-09-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.9 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../ch5-web/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第5章 Go和Web
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-01-introduction.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-01-introduction.html">
    
                    
                    5.1 Web开发简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.2" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-02-router.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-02-router.html">
    
                    
                    5.2 Router请求路由
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.3" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-03-middleware.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-03-middleware.html">
    
                    
                    5.3 Middleware中间件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.4" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-04-validator.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-04-validator.html">
    
                    
                    5.4 Validator请求校验
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.5" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-05-database.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-05-database.html">
    
                    
                    5.5 Database和数据库打交道
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.6" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
    
                    
                    5.6 Ratelimit 服务流量限制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.7" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
    
                    
                    5.7 Layout大型web项目分层
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.8" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
    
                    
                    5.8 interface 和 table-driven 开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.9" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
    
                    
                    5.9 灰度发布和 A/B test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.10" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    5.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../ch6-cloud/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第6章 分布式系统
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.1" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
    
                    
                    6.1 分布式 id 生成器
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.2" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-02-lock.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-02-lock.html">
    
                    
                    6.2 分布式锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.3" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-03-delay-job.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-03-delay-job.html">
    
                    
                    6.3 延时任务系统
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.4" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
    
                    
                    6.4 分布式搜索引擎
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.5" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
    
                    
                    6.5 负载均衡
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.6" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
    
                    
                    6.6 分布式配置管理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.7" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
    
                    
                    6.7 分布式爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.8" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    6.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="../appendix/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/readme.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.1" data-path="../appendix/appendix-a-trap.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-a-trap.html">
    
                    
                    附录A: Go语言常见坑
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.2" data-path="../appendix/appendix-b-gems.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-b-gems.html">
    
                    
                    附录B: 有趣的代码片段
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.3" data-path="../appendix/appendix-c-author.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-c-author.html">
    
                    
                    附录C: 作者简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
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        <a href="../.." >1.2 Hello, World 的革命</a>
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                                <h1 id="12-hello-world-&#x7684;&#x9769;&#x547D;">1.2 Hello, World &#x7684;&#x9769;&#x547D;</h1>
<p>&#x5728;&#x521B;&#x4E16;&#x7EAA;&#x7AE0;&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x4E86;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x6F14;&#x5316;&#x57FA;&#x56E0;&#x65CF;&#x8C31;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x6765;&#x81EA;&#x4E8E;&#x8D1D;&#x5C14;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x5BA4;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6709;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x57FA;&#x56E0;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x91CD;&#x70B9;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x5F15;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7248;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello, World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x5B9E;&#x201C;Hello, World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x662F;&#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x5411;&#x8BE5;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7A97;&#x53E3;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x8282;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x6CBF;&#x7740;&#x5404;&#x4E2A;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6F14;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x8F74;&#xFF0C;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x56DE;&#x987E;&#x4E0B;&#x201C;Hello, World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x662F;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x9010;&#x6B65;&#x6F14;&#x5316;&#x5230;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x7684;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x3001;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x9769;&#x547D;&#x4F7F;&#x547D;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="../images/ch1.2-1-go-history.png" alt=""></p>
<p><em>&#x56FE; 1.2-1 Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6F14;&#x5316;&#x5386;&#x53F2;</em></p>
<h2 id="121-b&#x8BED;&#x8A00;---ken-thompson-1972">1.2.1 B&#x8BED;&#x8A00; - Ken Thompson, 1972</h2>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x662F;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x662F;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E4B;&#x7236;&#x8D1D;&#x5C14;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x5BA4;&#x7684;Ken Thompson&#x65E9;&#x5E74;&#x95F4;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x8F85;&#x52A9;UNIX&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7F3A;&#x4E4F;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#x3002;&#x540E;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;Ken Thompson&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x4E8B;Dennis Ritchie&#x4EE5;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E3A;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E30;&#x5BCC;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x6781;&#x5927;&#x5730;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#x3002;&#x5230;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x4E3A;&#x6B62;&#x5B83;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x662F;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x4E0A;&#x6700;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E4B;&#x4E00;&#x3002;&#x800C;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x81EA;&#x4ECE;&#x88AB;&#x5B83;&#x53D6;&#x4EE3;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5C31;&#x53EA;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x4E8E;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x6587;&#x732E;&#x4E4B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x89C1;&#x5230;&#x7684;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x662F;&#x6765;&#x81EA;&#x4E8E;Brian W. Kernighan&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x7684;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5165;&#x95E8;&#x6559;&#x7A0B;&#xFF08;Go&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5E93;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x63D0;&#x4EA4;&#x8005;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x6B63;&#x662F;Brian W. Kernighan&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-1</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-c">main() {
    extrn a, b, c;
    putchar(a); putchar(b); putchar(c);
    putchar(&apos;!*n&apos;);
}
a &apos;hell&apos;;
b &apos;o, w&apos;;
c &apos;orld&apos;;
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7531;&#x4E8E;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7F3A;&#x4E4F;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x4EE5;<code>a/b/c</code>&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x6765;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x8981;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5BF9;&#x9F50;&#x5230;&#x4E86;4&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x8282;&#xFF08;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x5199;&#x6C47;&#x7F16;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x611F;&#x89C9;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x591A;&#x6B21;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>putchar</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x7684;<code>&apos;!*n&apos;</code>&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6362;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x601D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x603B;&#x4F53;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#xFF0C;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x4E5F;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x7B80;&#x964B;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="122-c&#x8BED;&#x8A00;---dennis-ritchie-1974--1989">1.2.2 C&#x8BED;&#x8A00; - Dennis Ritchie, 1974 ~ 1989</h2>
<p>C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x662F;&#x7531;Dennis Ritchie&#x5728;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x4E0A;&#x6539;&#x8FDB;&#x800C;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x4E30;&#x5BCC;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x7528;&#x5B83;&#x91CD;&#x5199;UNIX&#x7684;&#x4F1F;&#x5927;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x3002;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BF4;&#x662F;&#x73B0;&#x4EE3;IT&#x884C;&#x4E1A;&#x6700;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x57FA;&#x77F3;&#xFF0C;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x4E3B;&#x6D41;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x51E0;&#x4E4E;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x662F;&#x7531;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x3002;C&#x7CFB;&#x5BB6;&#x65CF;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5360;&#x636E;&#x7EDF;&#x6CBB;&#x5730;&#x4F4D;&#x8FBE;&#x51E0;&#x5341;&#x5E74;&#x4E4B;&#x4E45;&#xFF0C;&#x534A;&#x4E2A;&#x591A;&#x4E16;&#x7EAA;&#x4EE5;&#x6765;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x5145;&#x6EE1;&#x6D3B;&#x529B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;Brian W. Kernighan&#x4E8E;1974&#x5E74;&#x5DE6;&#x53F3;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x7684;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5165;&#x95E8;&#x6559;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x7ED9;&#x540E;&#x6765;&#x5927;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6559;&#x7A0B;&#x90FD;&#x4EE5;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#x4E3A;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x60EF;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-2</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-c">main()
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world&quot;</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x51E0;&#x70B9;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8BF4;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x662F;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;<code>int</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF1B;&#x5176;&#x6B21;<code>printf</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF1B;&#x6700;&#x540E;<code>main</code>&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;0&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x8FD8;&#x8FDC;&#x672A;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4E0A;&#x53E4;&#x65F6;&#x4EE3;&#x7684;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#xFF1A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E0D;&#x7528;&#x5199;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;printf&#x65F6;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5934;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7B49;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x4E86;1978&#x5E74;&#x51FA;&#x7248;&#x7684;&#x300A;C&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x300B;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x7248;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x6B63;&#x662F;Brian W. Kernighan &#x548C; Dennis M. Ritchie&#xFF08;&#x7B80;&#x79F0;K&amp;R&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x4E66;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#x672B;&#x5C3E;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6362;&#x884C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-3</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-c">main()
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5728;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x672B;&#x5C3E;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6362;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;<code>\n</code>&#x6362;&#x884C;&#x6BD4;B&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;<code>&apos;!*n&apos;</code>&#x6362;&#x884C;&#x770B;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#x8981;&#x7B80;&#x6D01;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;K&amp;R&#x7684;&#x6559;&#x7A0B;&#x9762;&#x4E16;10&#x5E74;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x7684;1988&#x5E74;&#xFF0C;&#x300A;C&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x300B;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x7248;&#x7EC8;&#x4E8E;&#x51FA;&#x7248;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x65F6;ANSI C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5316;&#x8349;&#x6848;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x521D;&#x6B65;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x6B63;&#x5F0F;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x5C1A;&#x672A;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x4E66;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;<code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</code>&#x5934;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5305;&#x542B;<code>printf</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#xFF08;&#x65B0;&#x7684;C89&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x662F;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;<code>printf</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x800C;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x7528;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x800C;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-4</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-c"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-meta-string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>

main()
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5230;&#x4E86;1989&#x5E74;&#xFF0C;ANSI C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x56FD;&#x9645;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x88AB;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;C89&#x3002;C89&#x662F;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x6700;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#xFF0C;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x88AB;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x300A;C&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x300B;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x7248;&#x7684;&#x4E5F;&#x518D;&#x6B21;&#x5370;&#x5237;&#x65B0;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x65B0;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x7684;C89&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x7ED9;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;<code>void</code>&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x8BF4;&#x660E;&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x601D;&#x3002;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-5</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-c"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-meta-string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>

main(<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>)
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x81F3;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x5316;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x3002;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;C92/C99/C11&#x90FD;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7EC6;&#x8282;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x5B8C;&#x5584;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x56E0;&#x7D20;&#xFF0C;C89&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6700;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="123-newsqueak---rob-pike-1989">1.2.3 Newsqueak - Rob Pike, 1989</h2>
<p>Newsqueak&#x662F;Rob Pike&#x53D1;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x8001;&#x9F20;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4EE3;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x4ED6;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5B9E;&#x8DF5;CSP&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6218;&#x573A;&#x3002;Newsqueak&#x662F;&#x65B0;&#x7684;squeak&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x601D;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;squeak&#x662F;&#x8001;&#x9F20;&#x5431;&#x5431;&#x5431;&#x7684;&#x53EB;&#x58F0;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x4F5C;&#x662F;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x9F20;&#x6807;&#x70B9;&#x51FB;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x97F3;&#x3002;Squeak&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x9F20;&#x6807;&#x548C;&#x952E;&#x76D8;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;Squeak&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x662F;&#x9759;&#x6001;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x6539;&#x8FDB;&#x7248;&#x7684;Newsqueak&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5219;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x548C;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x548C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;Pascal&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x63A8;&#x5BFC;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;Newsqueak&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E26;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#x7684;&#x7EAF;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5F0F;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x518D;&#x6B21;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x952E;&#x76D8;&#x3001;&#x9F20;&#x6807;&#x548C;&#x7A97;&#x53E3;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5728;Newsqueak&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x662F;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5C5E;&#x4E8E;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x7C7B;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x5230;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Newsqueak&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>print</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x770B;&#x4E0D;&#x51FA;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x7279;&#x8272;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-6</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Hello,&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;World&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;\n&quot;</span>);
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x731C;&#x6D4B;<code>print</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5F88;&#x96BE;&#x770B;&#x5230;Newsqueak&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;Newsqueak&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x548C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x662F;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x548C;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x201D;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x6765;&#x7565;&#x7AA5;Newsqueak&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x201C;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x201D;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x5982;&#x56FE;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="../images/ch1.2-2-prime-sieve.png" alt=""></p>
<p><em>&#x56FE; 1.2-2 &#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;</em></p>
<p>Newsqueak&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-7</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// &#x5411;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4ECE;2&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;</span>
counter := prog(c:<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> of <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) {
    i := <span class="hljs-number">2</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(;;) {
        c &lt;-= i++;
    }
};

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x9488;&#x5BF9;listen&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x6389;&#x662F;prime&#x500D;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x6570;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5230;send&#x7BA1;&#x9053;</span>
filter := prog(prime:<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, listen, send:<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> of <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) {
    i:<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(;;) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>((i = &lt;-listen)%prime) {
            send &lt;-= i;
        }
    }
};

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x4E3B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D41;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x5FC5;&#x7136;&#x662F;&#x7D20;&#x6570;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x7136;&#x540E;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x5668;</span>
sieve := prog() of <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> of <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> {
    c := mk(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> of <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>);
    begin counter(c);
    prime := mk(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> of <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>);
    begin prog(){
        p:<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>;
        newc:<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> of <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(;;){
            prime &lt;-= p =&lt;- c;
            newc = mk();
            begin filter(p, c, newc);
            c = newc;
        }
    }();
    become prime;
};

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;</span>
prime := sieve();
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>counter</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5411;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;<code>filter</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x5219;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x5B50;&#x5C06;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x6D41;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x7B5B;&#x9009;&#x540E;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5230;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x3002;<code>mk(chan of int)</code>&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;<code>make(chan int)</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF1B;<code>begin filter(p, c, newc)</code>&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;<code>go filter(p, c, newc)</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF1B;<code>become</code>&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;<code>return</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Newsqueak&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x548C;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x548C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x63A5;&#x8FD1;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x548C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x4E5F;&#x5F88;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="124-alef---phil-winterbottom-1993">1.2.4 Alef - Phil Winterbottom, 1993</h2>
<p>&#x5728;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x662F;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x5FC3;&#x4E2D;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x5B8C;&#x7F8E;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;Alef&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x548C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x662F;&#x65E0;&#x7F1D;&#x517C;&#x5BB9;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x3002;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x548C;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x90FD;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>proc receive(c)</code>&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;<code>task receive(c)</code>&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;<code>c</code>&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x901A;&#x8BAF;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;Alef&#x7F3A;&#x4E4F;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#xFF0C;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x4E14;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x53EA;&#x5728;Plan9&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x8FC7;&#x77ED;&#x6682;&#x7684;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;Alef&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x4E14;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x300A;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x300B;&#x548C;&#x300A;Alef&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x5411;&#x5BFC;&#x300B;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x516C;&#x5F00;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5728;&#x8D1D;&#x5C14;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x5BA4;&#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x591A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7531;&#x4E8E;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x548C;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x5728;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x518D;&#x6B21;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#xFF0C;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x4E86;Alef&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4F1A;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x65F6;Alef&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#xFF08;Alef&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x4FDD;&#x7559;&#x7684;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x4E86;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x5145;&#x65A5;&#x4E8E;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x548C;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x3002;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x7EE7;&#x627F;&#x4E86;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x662F;&#x589E;&#x5F3A;&#x4E86;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x56FE;&#x662F;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x4E2D;&#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="../images/ch1.2-3-alef.png" alt=""></p>
<p><em>&#x56FE; 1.2-3 Alef&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6A21;&#x578B;</em></p>
<p>Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-8</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-c">#include &lt;alef.h&gt;

void receive(chan(byte*) c) {
    byte *s;
    s = &lt;- c;
    print(&quot;%s\n&quot;, s);
    terminate(nil);
}

void main(void) {
    chan(byte*) c;
    alloc c;
    proc receive(c);
    task receive(c);
    c &lt;- = &quot;hello proc or task&quot;;
    c &lt;- = &quot;hello proc or task&quot;;
    print(&quot;done\n&quot;);
    terminate(nil);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;<code>#include &lt;alef.h&gt;</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5305;&#x542B;Alef&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x5E93;&#x3002;<code>receive</code>&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#x7528;&#x4F5C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF1B;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;<code>alloc c</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5148;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>chan(byte*)</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;<code>make(chan []byte)</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF1B;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x4EE5;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x548C;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x542F;&#x52A8;<code>receive</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF1B;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5411;<code>c</code>&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x4E86;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF1B; &#x800C;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x548C;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;<code>receive</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F1A;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x5148;&#x540E;&#x4ECE;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x6536;&#x5230;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#xFF1B;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x90FD;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>terminate(nil)</code>&#x6765;&#x7ED3;&#x675F;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Alef&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x548C;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x5B83;&#x662F;&#x5728;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x4E0A;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x4F5C;&#x662F;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EF4;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;C++&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="125-limbo---sean-dorward-phil-winterbottom-rob-pike-1995">1.2.5 Limbo - Sean Dorward, Phil Winterbottom, Rob Pike, 1995</h2>
<p>Limbo&#xFF08;&#x5730;&#x72F1;&#xFF09;&#x662F;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5728;&#x5C0F;&#x578B;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x5F0F;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5316;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x671F;&#x548C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x5F3A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x5185;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x539F;&#x5B50;&#x6027;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x548C;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;Limbo&#x88AB;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;&#x5373;&#x4FBF;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x4FDD;&#x62A4;&#x7684;&#x5C0F;&#x578B;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x80FD;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x3002;Limbo&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5728;Inferno&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E4B;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Limbo&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-9</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">implement Hello;

include <span class="hljs-string">&quot;sys.m&quot;</span>; sys: Sys;
include <span class="hljs-string">&quot;draw.m&quot;</span>;

Hello: module
{
    init: fn(ctxt: ref Draw-&gt;Context, args: list of <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>);
};

init(ctxt: ref Draw-&gt;Context, args: list of <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>)
{
    sys = load Sys Sys-&gt;PATH;
    sys-&gt;<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello World&#x201D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x5F88;&#x591A;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x96CF;&#x5F62;&#x3002;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x53E5;<code>implement Hello;</code>&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;<code>package Hello</code>&#x5305;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x662F;<code>include &quot;sys.m&quot;; sys: Sys;</code>&#x548C;<code>include &quot;draw.m&quot;;</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;<code>import &quot;sys&quot;</code>&#x548C;<code>import &quot;draw&quot;</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;Hello&#x5305;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x8FD8;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x51FD;&#x6570;<code>init</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x540E;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x662F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="126-go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;---20072009">1.2.6 Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00; - 2007~2009</h2>
<p>&#x8D1D;&#x5C14;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x5BA4;&#x540E;&#x6765;&#x7ECF;&#x5386;&#x4E86;&#x591A;&#x6B21;&#x52A8;&#x8361;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;Ken Thompson&#x5728;&#x5185;&#x7684;Plan9&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x539F;&#x73ED;&#x4EBA;&#x9A6C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x4E86;Google&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x53D1;&#x660E;Limbo&#x7B49;&#x524D;&#x8F88;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x8BDE;&#x751F;10&#x591A;&#x5E74;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;2007&#x5E74;&#x5E95;&#xFF0C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x6700;&#x521D;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5076;&#x7136;&#x7684;&#x56E0;&#x7D20;&#x805A;&#x96C6;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#x6279;&#x6597;C++&#xFF08;&#x4F20;&#x8BF4;&#x662F;C++&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x5E03;&#x9053;&#x5E08;&#x5728;Google&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x5230;&#x5904;&#x9F13;&#x5439;&#x7684;C++11&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x725B;&#x903C;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x5F7B;&#x5E95;&#x60F9;&#x607C;&#x4E86;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x7EC8;&#x4E8E;&#x62BD;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;20%&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x7531;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x521B;&#x9020;&#x4E86;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x521D;&#x7684;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x4ECE;2008&#x5E74;3&#x6708;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x521D;&#x7684;Go&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5230;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x518D;&#x4E8C;&#x6B21;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x4E3A;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x7801;&#x3002;&#x5230;&#x4E86;2008&#x5E74;5&#x6708;&#xFF0C;Google&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x7684;&#x9886;&#x5BFC;&#x4EEC;&#x7EC8;&#x4E8E;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x5DE8;&#x5927;&#x6F5C;&#x529B;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x5168;&#x529B;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#xFF08;Google&#x7684;&#x521B;&#x59CB;&#x4EBA;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x8FD8;&#x8D21;&#x732E;&#x4E86;<code>func</code>&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5C06;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x6295;&#x5165;&#x5230;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x548C;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x5728;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x521D;&#x7248;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x7EC8;&#x4E8E;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x7801;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1261-hellogo---2008&#x5E74;6&#x6708;">1.2.6.1 hello.go - 2008&#x5E74;6&#x6708;</h3>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-10</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> {
    <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x521D;&#x671F;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6B63;&#x5F0F;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;<code>print</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x662F;&#x4EE5;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x5165;&#x53E3;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FD8;&#x548C;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;<code>int</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x9700;&#x8981;<code>return</code>&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x672B;&#x5C3E;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x53F7;&#x4E5F;&#x8FD8;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1262-hellogo---2008&#x5E74;6&#x6708;27&#x65E5;">1.2.6.2 hello.go - 2008&#x5E74;6&#x6708;27&#x65E5;</h3>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-11</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>;
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x51FD;&#x6570;<code>main</code>&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x53BB;&#x6389;&#x4E86;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x9690;&#x5F0F;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>exit(0)</code>&#x6765;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x3002;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x671D;&#x7740;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x9010;&#x6B65;&#x8FDB;&#x5316;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1263-hellogo---2008&#x5E74;8&#x6708;11&#x65E5;">1.2.6.3 hello.go - 2008&#x5E74;8&#x6708;11&#x65E5;</h3>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-12</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;<code>print</code>&#x7531;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x6539;&#x4E3A;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1264-hellogo---2008&#x5E74;10&#x6708;24&#x65E5;">1.2.6.4 hello.go - 2008&#x5E74;10&#x6708;24&#x65E5;</h3>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-13</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    fmt.printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x62DB;&#x724C;&#x7684;<code>printf</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x79FB;&#x690D;&#x4E86;&#x5230;&#x4E86;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x653E;&#x5728;<code>fmt</code>&#x5305;&#x4E2D;&#xFF08;<code>fmt</code>&#x662F;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x5355;&#x8BCD;<code>format</code>&#x7684;&#x7F29;&#x5199;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;<code>printf</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x662F;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#xFF0C;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x5927;&#x5199;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x8FD8;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1265-hellogo---2009&#x5E74;1&#x6708;15&#x65E5;">1.2.6.5 hello.go - 2009&#x5E74;1&#x6708;15&#x65E5;</h3>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-14</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<p>Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x9996;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x6765;&#x533A;&#x5206;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x88AB;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x3002;&#x5927;&#x5199;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x516C;&#x5171;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x79C1;&#x6709;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x3002;&#x56FD;&#x5185;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x6C49;&#x5B57;&#x4E2D;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x4EE5;&#x6C49;&#x5B57;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x662F;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#xFF08;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x4E2D;&#x56FD;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x7ED9;&#x51FA;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x7B49;Go2&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x6216;&#x8BB8;&#x4F1A;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x5BF9;&#x6C49;&#x5B57;&#x7684;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1267-hellogo---2009&#x5E74;12&#x6708;11&#x65E5;">1.2.6.7 hello.go - 2009&#x5E74;12&#x6708;11&#x65E5;</h3>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-15</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, world\n&quot;</span>)
}
</code></pre>
<p>Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7EC8;&#x4E8E;&#x79FB;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x672B;&#x5C3E;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x53F7;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5728;2009&#x5E74;11&#x6708;10&#x53F7;&#x6B63;&#x5F0F;&#x5F00;&#x6E90;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x6539;&#x8FDB;&#x3002;&#x4ECE;1978&#x5E74;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6559;&#x7A0B;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x7248;&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x53F7;&#x5206;&#x5272;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#x5230;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#xFF0C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x4EEC;&#x82B1;&#x4E86;&#x6574;&#x6574;32&#x5E74;&#x7EC8;&#x4E8E;&#x79FB;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x672B;&#x5C3E;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x53F7;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;32&#x5E74;&#x7684;&#x6F14;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC5;&#x7136;&#x5145;&#x6EE1;&#x4E86;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x516B;&#x5366;&#x6545;&#x4E8B;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x60F3;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x662F;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x8005;&#x6DF1;&#x601D;&#x719F;&#x8651;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF08;&#x73B0;&#x5728;Swift&#x7B49;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x5206;&#x53F7;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#x5206;&#x53F7;&#x786E;&#x5B9E;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x7684;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="127-&#x4F60;&#x597D;-&#x4E16;&#x754C;---v20">1.2.7 &#x4F60;&#x597D;, &#x4E16;&#x754C;! - V2.0</h2>
<p>&#x5728;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x534A;&#x4E2A;&#x4E16;&#x7EAA;&#x7684;&#x6D85;&#x69C3;&#x91CD;&#x751F;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E0D;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;Unicode&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x201C;Hello, World&#x201D;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x5730;&#x5411;&#x5168;&#x7403;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>http</code>&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5411;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4E2D;&#x6587;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x4F60;&#x597D;, &#x4E16;&#x754C;!&#x201D;&#x548C;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<p><em>&#x4EE3;&#x7801; 1.2-16</em></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;log&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;net/http&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;time&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Please visit http://127.0.0.1:12345/&quot;</span>)
    http.HandleFunc(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;/&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        s := fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#x4F60;&#x597D;, &#x4E16;&#x754C;! -- Time: %s&quot;</span>, time.Now().String())
        fmt.Fprintf(w, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;%v\n&quot;</span>, s)
        log.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%v\n&quot;</span>, s)
    })
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := http.ListenAndServe(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;:12345&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatal(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;ListenAndServe: &quot;</span>, err)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#x81EA;&#x5E26;&#x7684;<code>net/http</code>&#x5305;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;http&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>http.HandleFunc(&quot;/&quot;, ...)</code>&#x9488;&#x5BF9;<code>/</code>&#x6839;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x6CE8;&#x518C;&#x4E86;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>fmt.Fprintf</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;http&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x5411;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#x7684;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x5305;&#x5728;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x7AEF;&#x4E5F;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>http.ListenAndServe</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x542F;&#x52A8;http&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x81F3;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7EC8;&#x4E8E;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x4ECE;&#x5355;&#x673A;&#x5355;&#x6838;&#x65F6;&#x4EE3;&#x7684;C&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5230;21&#x4E16;&#x7EAA;&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x7F51;&#x65F6;&#x4EE3;&#x591A;&#x6838;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x7684;&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x8715;&#x53D8;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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